Lesson 1.3

Uses of ‘Estar’

• Location-To describe where you or someone or something is located.

• Yo estoy en clase. (I am in class).

• CNM está en Albuquerque. (CNM is in Albuquerque)

• El teléfono está en la mesa. (The telephone is on the table)

• Temporary States-To describe emotions, health and temporary physical conditions.

• ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)

• Yo estoy bien (I am well)

• Ella está sorprendida. (She is surprised)

• Ongoing actions- To describe what you or others are doing

• Yo estoy estudiando. (I am studying)

• Nosotros estamos hablando. (We are talking)

For now, the uses that will be focused on in this chapter will be temporary physical conditions. In later chapters the other uses of ‘Estar’ will be explored.

Activity 3- Dialogue. With a partner, please write a short conversation with the vocabulary that you have learned up to this point. Your dialogue should include, greetings, the verb ‘estar’, the verb ‘ser’ and farewells.

Numbers- Numbers are essential in daily communication. From telling the time to saying how many people or things there are in any given situation.

Telling Time

Telling time in Spanish is a bit different than in English when using the numbers 1-30. Once the basic structure is understood, it becomes easier.  Below is a visual of how to structure the telling of time in Spanish using the numbers 1-30.

Diagram of a clock

Please note that from the beginning of the hour until ‘media’ the word ‘y’ (and) will be used. Then from ‘veintinueve’  until the end of the hour, the word ‘menos’ (minus) will be used to describe the minutes.

Also note that instead of ‘quince’ the word ‘cuarto’ will be used and instead of ‘treinta’ the word ‘media’ will be used for telling time.

The questions that are most useful when telling time are:  ¿Qué hora es? (What time is it?) And ¿A qué hora es? (At what time is it?).

When answering the question: ‘¿Qué hora es?’, the verb ‘ser’ will be used. The verb ‘ser’ will agree with ‘hora’ or ‘horas’ even though the words ‘hora’ or ‘horas’ are implicit and never spoken.

Use ‘Es la’ only when mentioning anything related to 1 o’clock

When indicating whether it is ‘a.m.’ and ‘p.m’ use the expressions

• De la mañana – of the morning

• De la tarde- of the afternoon (12pm-until dark)

• De la noche-of the night (dark-until 12am)

Other vocablary used with time.

• Es mediodía- It’s noon

• Es medianoche-It’s midnight

• En punto-On the dot

Structure when answering ‘¿Qué hora es?’:

• [Es/Son] + [la/las] + hour + [y/menos] + [de la] +[mañana/tarde/noche]

When answering the question ‘A qué hora es’ (At what time is?) the structure changes. The verb ‘ser’ will be used and will agree with the event that is happening.

Structure when answering ‘A qué hora es?’:

• [The event] + [es a la/las] + [time] or [Es a la/las] + [time]

Activity 1 Drag and Drop. Simple matching game.  Please drag images of the clock to the correct time

Activity 3 dialogue

Please write a short dialogue with the information that you have learned up to this point. Your dialogue should include, greetings, the verb ‘estar’, the verb ‘ser’, time, and farewells.

Cultura: New Mexico and Hispanic Culture in the United States.

New Mexico is an important state for Hispanic history in the United States. It was part of Mexico until 1800’s. In fact, along with New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California, and Nevada were also fully included into Mexico’s territory before 1821. Texas didn’t become a state until 1845 which would only make it a state for 180 years out of the 249 years that the United States became a country. In many cases, political borders divided cultures, communities and families that had been there for many hundreds of years. This is why New Mexico, just as the other states mentioned above, have such a rich Hispanic history. In the case of New Mexico just as the other states, many people speak Spanish. However, New Mexico is the only state where Spanish is used alongside English in state government functions. Because of New Mexico’s continued connection to Spanish, the traditions, the architecture and the food demonstrate a mix of Indigenous, Mexican and Spanish cultures.

Pasaporte 1-

*Due to the situation with Covid-19, please pick any activity that keeps you safe from being in crowds and in situations that you do not feel comfortable with.

Please pick One option from One are to investigate from the options below and finish the assignment by creating a video entry.

The options below are suggestions. You may attend/research other areas or events of interest with instructor approval.

You may present the entry in English or in Spanish.

New Mexican and Southwest Heritage

1. Attend an exhibit, movie, or event at the Hispanic Cultural Center (show a receipt or proof of attendance in the video).

1. Take a historical tour of Old Town Albuquerque (http://www.toursofoldtown.com). In a video, share your experience with what you learned.

1. Take a road trip or virtual trip to El Morro or any other historical sites in New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California, or Nevada and make a video presentation about what you learned.

1. Attend a fiesta or annual event in New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California, or Nevada. Make a video sharing your experience with the class (example: attend the pilgrimage of Chimayó and share your experience in a video.

1. Do a YouTube search on the history of New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California, and Nevada and make a video presentation over what you have learned.

1. Go to any museums related to Hispanic/Latino Americans in New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California, or Nevada and make a video over what you have learned.

1. Go to a Latino grocery store (Example: El Mezquite or Pro’s Ranch Market). Make a video presentation comparing these grocery stores with a grocery store like Smith’s or the like.

1. Watch a movie dealing with topics or issues in the South Westerner United States and make a video presentation summarizing what the movie was about. Identify cultural similarities and differences that you noticed from your own culture.

1. Attend a musical event, concert, or theatre production having to do with the Southwestern United States.

1. Research a personal interest connected to the Southwestern United States and make a video about it.

1. Pick a music genre connected to the Southwestern United States (ranchera, corridos, etc.) to research and make a video presentation of what you have learned.

1. Research a famous Latino person from the Southwestern United States and make a video presentation over what you have learned.

1. Research Hispanic/Latino authors, poets, etc. and make a video presentation over what you have learned.

Running set of Vocabulary in Lección 1

Vocabulary

Saying Hello:

Hola-Hello

Buenos días-Good morning

Buenas tardes-Good afternoon

Buenas noches-Good evening/Good night

¿Cómo estás?-How are you (informal)

¿Cómo está usted?- How are you (formal)

¿Qué tal?- How is it going?/ What’s up