7.1 Introduction
Learning Objectives
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Define and describe the stages of sensory memory, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory.
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Differentiate types of memory, including implicit, explicit, semantic, and episodic memory.
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Differentiate the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval.
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Describe strategies that can be used to enhance the original learning or encoding of information.
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Describe strategies that can improve the process of retrieval.
Introduction
As you can see in the table below, psychologists often conceptualize memory in terms of types, in terms of stages, and in terms of processes. In this chapter, we will consider theories of stages and categories of memory (with types of memory being discussed in the context of long-term memories), and then the processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving memories (and factors that impact these processes).
Table: Memory conceptualized in terms of types, stages, and processes. (Saylor Academy, 2012)