9.7 Adaptations and References

Sections of this chapter were adapted from the following:

• Bazerman, M. H. (2025). Judgment and decision making. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology.Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/9xjyvc3a
• Biswas-Diener, R. (2025). Intelligence. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology.Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/ncb2h79v
• Carbary, K. (2025). Cognition. Retrieved from https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/PSYC_316%3A_Cognition_(Carbary)
• Crump, M. J. C. (2021). Intelligence testing. In M. J. C. Crump (Ed.), Instances of Cognition: Questions, Methods, Findings, Explanations, Applications, and Implications. https://crumplab.com/cognition/textbook

References:

• Alpert, M., & Raiffa, H. (1969). A progress report on the training of probability assessors. Unpublished Report.
• Banaji, M. R., & Bhaskar, R. (2000). Implicit stereotypes and memory: The bounded rationality of social beliefs. In D. L. Schacter & E. Scarry (Eds.), Memory, brain, and belief (pp. 139–175). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicometha, 18(Suppl.), 13–25.
• Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. (2013). Judgment in managerial decision making (8th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Beshears, J., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2008). The importance of default options for retirement saving outcomes: Evidence from the United States. In S. J. Kay & T. Sinha (Eds.), Lessons from pension reform in the Americas (pp. 59–87). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Binet, A. (1894). Psychologie des grands calculateurs et joueurs d’échecs. Paris: Librairie Hachette.
• Bouchard, T.J. (2004). Genetic influence on human psychological traits – A survey. Current Directions in Psychological Science 13(4), 148–151.
• Brigham, C. C. (1922). A study of American intelligence. Princeton: Princeton University Press; London: Oxford University Press ….
• Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press.
• Ceci, S. J., Williams, W. & Barnett, S. M. (2009). Women’s underrepresentation in science: socio cultural and biological considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 218-261.
• Chugh, D. (2004). Societal and managerial implications of implicit social cognition: Why milliseconds matter. Social Justice Research, 17(2), 203–222.
• Chugh, D., & Bazerman, M. H. (2007). Bounded awareness: What you fail to see can hurt you. Mind & Society, 6(1), 1–18.
• Chugh, D., Banaji, M. R., & Bazerman, M. H. (2005). Bounded ethicality as a psychological barrier to recognizing conflicts of interest. In D. Moore, D. M. Cain, G. Loewenstein, & M. H. Bazerman (Eds.), Conflicts of Interest (pp. 74–95). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
• Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American psychologist, 41(10), 1040-1048.
• Fischhoff, B. (1982). Debiasing. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 422–444). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
• Flynn J. R. (1987). “Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure”. Psychological Bulletin 101, 171–191.
• Gallup, G. G. (1982). Self‐awareness and the emergence of mind in primates. American Journal of Primatology, 2(3), 237-248.
• Gardner, H. (1985). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
• Halpern, D. F. (1997). Sex differences in intelligence: Implications for education. American Psychologist, 52(10), 1091-1102.
• Hauser, M. D., MacNeilage, P., & Ware, M. (1996). Numerical representations in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(4), 1514-1517.
• Horn, J. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1966). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized general intelligences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 57(5), 253-270.
• Hunt, M. (2009). The story of psychology. New York: Random House, LLC.
• Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives? Science 302(5649), 1338–1339.
• Joyce, E. J., & Biddle, G. C. (1981). Are auditors’ judgments sufficiently regressive? Journal of Accounting Research, 19(2), 323–349.
• Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292.
• Kohler, W. (1924). The mentality of apes. Oxford: Harcourt, Brace.
• Kuhl, J. (2013). Motivation and volition. In International Perspectives On Psychological Science, II: The State of the Art(pp. 311-336). Psychology Press.
• Lewis, M. (2003). Moneyball: The art of winning an unfair game. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.
• Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Layman, M., & Combs, B. (1978). Judged frequency of lethal events. Journal of experimental psychology: Human learning and memory, 4(6), 551.
• Lopes, P. N., Grewal, D., Kadis, J., Gall, M., & Salovey, P. (2006). Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance and affect and attitudes at work. Psicothema, 18(Suppl.), 132–138.
• March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organizations. Oxford: Wiley.
• Martens, A., Johns, M., Greenberg, J., & Schimel, J. (2006). Combating stereotype threat: The effect of self-affirmation on women’s intellectual performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42(2), 236-243.
• Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). New York: Basic.
• National Spelling Bee. (2014a). Statistics. Retrieved from: http://www.spellingbee.com/statistics
• National Spelling Bee. (2014b). Get to Know the Competition. Retrieved from: http://www.spellingbee.com/UserFiles/topblog—-good2341418.html
• Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, Jr., T.J., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S., Halpern, D., Loehlin, J. C., Perloff, R., Sternberg, R. J. & Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77-101.
• Nisbett, R. E., Aronson, J., Blair, C., Dickens, W., Flynn, J., Halpern, D. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2012). Intelligence: new findings and theoretical developments. American Psychologist, 67(2), 130-160.
• Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of man, social and rational: Mathematical essays on rational human behavior in a social setting. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
• Spearman, C. (1904). ” General Intelligence,” Objectively Determined and Measured. The American Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 201-292.
• Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 4-28.
• Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 645–726.
• Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
• Thaler, R. H. (2000). From homo economicus to homo sapiens. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 14, 133–141.
• Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
• Turda, M. (2010). Race, science, and eugenics in the twentieth century. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics, 62–79.
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, New Series, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, New Series, 211(4481), 453–458.
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological review, 90(4), 293.
• Waterhouse, L. (2023). Why multiple intelligences theory is a neuromyth. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1217288.
• Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Oxford: Psychological Corporation.
• Yerkes, R. M. (1923). Psychological Work of the National Research Council. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 110(1), 172-178.